www.HumanPoweredHelicopters.org

References & Downloads

I hope to make as many of these available here for download. If you can help, please contact me. The website of the Human Powered Aircraft Group of the Royal Aeronautical Society has a great reference page.

 Articles & Books

  1. The May 1988 issue of Popular Science magazine has an article on human powered helicopters. I don't yet have the title or the author.
  2. Abbott, Allan V.; Wilson, David Gordon; "Human-Powered Vehicles", ISBN 0873228278, 1995. Has info on cyclist positioning for maximum power. Has a section on flying.
  3. Balaban, Karl; "Evolution of the Helicopter"; NACA Technical Note 196, 1923.
  4. Bliesner, Wayne; "Design and construction overview for the Marathon Eagle aircraft", presented at the 1994 International Human-Powered Flight Symposium. 1994. 
  5. Bohorquez, F.; Pines, D.; "Hover Performance of Rotor Blades at Low Reynolds Numbers for Rotary Wing Micro Air Vehicles" (First page), 2nd annual AIAA "Unmanned Unlimited" Systems, Technologies and Operations, 2004, San Diego, California.
  6. Brown, Glen; Haggard, Roy; Norton, Brook; "Inflatable Structures for Deployable Wings"  AIAA-2001-2068.
  7. Cary, Andrew et al., "Systems Design Optimization of a Human Powered Helicopter", submitted to Journal of the AHS, Jan 25 1994. (May be similar to the article in the journal of the IHPVA 40 v12 n1 1995).
  8. Clark Higgins, Harry; "The Japan Birdman International Rally, 1995", IHPVA  41 v12 n2 1995
  9. Coleman, Colin P.; "A Survey of Theoretical and Experimental Coaxial Rotor Aerodynamic Research", NASA Tech Paper 3675, 1997.
  10. Corfeld, K. J.; Strawn, R.; "Computational Analysis of a Prototype Martian Rotorcraft Experiment" (First page), 20th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 2002, St-Louis, Missouri.
  11. Cranfield, A.D.; "Pedaling Towards a Vertical Take-Off"; Chartered Mechanical Engineer ( I Mech. E.), London, UK, Sept. 1987. NEW
  12. de Bothezat, George; "The general theory of blade screws including propellers, fans, helicopter screws, helicoidal pumps, turbo-motors, and different kinds of helicoidal blades"; NACA Technical Report 29, 1920.
  13. de Guillenschmidt, P.; "Calculation of the Bending Stresses in Helicopter Blades", NACA Technical Memorandum 1312, 1948. 
  14. Dorsey, G.; "The Fullness of Wings", 1991. (Book about the Daedalus project)
  15. Drela, Mark; "Low-Reynolds-Number Airfoil Design for the M.I.T. Daedalus Prototype: A Case Study" (First page). Journal of Aircraft 1988, 0021-8669 vol. 25 no. 8 (724-732)
  16. Drela, Mark; "Aerodynamics of Human-Powered Flight", Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
    Vol. 22: 93-110, January 1990.
  17. Durand, W F.; "A proof of the theorem regarding the distribution of lift over the span for minimum induced drag" NACA Report 349, 1931
  18. Filippone, Antonio; "The Human-Powered Helicopter", J. Royal Aero. Soc, Vol 106, Part 1065, pp. 619-624 (2002)
  19. Focke, H.; "The Focke Helicopter", NACA Tech Memo 858, 1938.
  20. Gessow, Alfred; "Bibliography of NACA Papers on Rotating Wing Aircraft", NACA Research Memorandum L7J30, 1948.
  21. Gessow, Alfred; "Effect of rotor-blade twist and plan-form taper on helicopter hovering performance", NACA Tech Note 1542, 1948.
  22. Graves, R.; "Problems of a Man Powered Rotorcraft"; Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Vol. 66, Nov. 1962. NEW
  23. Grossman, John; "Hover Story", Air & Space Magazine (Smithsonian), June/July 1988.
  24. Hall, Steven R.; Yang, Kyle Y.; Hall, Kenneth C.; "Helicopter rotor lift distributions for minimum-induced power loss" (First page); Journal of Aircraft 1994
    0021-8669 vol.31 no.4 (837-845).
  25. Heyson, H.H.; "Theoretical study of the effect of ground proximity on the induced efficiency of helicopter rotors"; NASA Technical Memo X-71951.
  26. Karman, T.; "Recent European Developments in Helicopters", NACA Tech Note 47, 1921.
  27. Kendall, E. R.; "Is Man-Powered Rotating Wing Flight a Future Possibility?", Journal of the Helicopter Association of Great Britain, 13(2), pp 100-129. 1959. 
  28. Knight, Montgomery; Hefner, Ralph A.; "Analysis of ground effect on the lifting airscrew", NACA TN-835, December 1941
  29. Larrabee, E. Eugene; "Practical Design of Minimum Induced Loss Propellers"; SAE 790585; 1979.
  30. Larrabee, E. Eugene; "Five Years Experience With Minimum Induced Loss Propellers--Part I: Theory"; SAE 840026; 1984.
  31. Larrabee, E. Eugene; "Five Years Experience With Minimum Induced Loss Propellers--Part Ii: Applications"; SAE 840027; 1984.
  32. Larwood, Scott; Saiki, Neal; "Aerodynamic Design of the Cal Poly Da Vinci Human-Powered Helicopter", American Helicopter Society, Vertical-Lift Aircraft Design Conference, San Francisco, CA, Jan 1990.
  33. Lechliter, Mathew C.; "Stable human powered ground effect machine which satisfies the requirements for human powered helicopter flight", (West Virginia Univ., Morgantown) AIAA-2001-4, Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 39th, Reno, NV, Jan 8-11, 2001. This is only the first page. The complete article may be purchased from the AIAA.
  34. Leishman, J. Gordon.; "Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics", Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (2006). This book contains a brief analysis of the challenges of a human powered helicopter.  
  35. Le Pape, A.; Beaumier, P.; "Numerical optimization of helicopter rotor aerodynamic performance in hover" (Abstract), Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 3, April 2005, pp191-201.
  36. Makofski, Robert A.; "Charts for estimating the hovering endurance of a helicopter", NACA Tech Note 3810, 1956.
  37. Mao Sun; Shi Long Lan; "A computational study of the aerodynamic forces and power requirements of dragonfly Aeschna juncea hovering"; 2004. NEW
  38. McCooey, F.W.,; "Human Powered Helicopter Design", 46 pages, ASIN: B000731IJ2, 1987.
  39. Meyer, John R. Jr.; "An Investigation of Bending Moment distribution on a Model Helicopter Blade and a Comparison with Theory", NACA Technical Note 2626, 1952 
  40. Meyer, John R.; Falabella, Gaetano Jr.; "An Investigation of the Experimental Aerodynamic Loading on a Model Helicopter Blade", NACA Technical Note 2953, 1953 
  41. Minetti, Alberto E.; "Passive tools for enhancing muscle-driven motion and locomotion", Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 1265-1272, 2004. Link. File. 
  42. Mourtisen, Stephen; "An Aerodynamic and Design Analysis of the Human Powered Helicopter", Ariz. State Univ., for presentation at the 49th Ann. Conference of the Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc (SAWE).
  43. Munk, Max M.; "The minimum induced drag of aerofoils", NACA Report 121, 1923
  44. Nagashima, T.; Nakanisiki, K.; "Optimum Performance and Wake Geometry of a Coaxial Rotor in Hover"; Vertica, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1983.
  45. Naito, Akira; "A Study of HPH in Japan" (ref); Society of Allied Weight Engineers, 49th annual conference, Chandler AZ, 14-16 May 1990.
  46. Naito, Akira; "Review of developments in Human-Powered Helicopters", IHPVA 30 v9 n2 1991
  47. Naito, Akira; "Unknown Problems in Human-Powered Helicopter"
  48. Nakamura, Kouichi; "The Mitsubachi Human Powered Helicopter"; Presented at the Royal Aeronautical Society, January 16th, 1992.
  49. Nakamura, Kouichi; "Human Powered Aircraft of Japan";  Lecture at the Royal Aeronautical Society, January 16th, 1992.
  50. Naylor, C. H.; "Is Man-Powered Rotating Wing Flight a Future Possibility?", Journal of the Helicopter Association of Great Britain. 13(5). pp 294-304. 1959. 
  51. O'Banion, J.; Jhou, J.; Smith, S.; Stearman, R.; "A Study of Joint Fixativity in a Joined-Wing Aircraft", NASA Technical Memo 112388, 1987.
  52. Oemichen, Etienne; "My Experiments with Helicopters", NACA Tech Note 199, 1923.
  53. Oemichen. Etienne; "The Oemichen-Peugeot Helicopter", NACA Tech Memo 13, 1921.
  54. Patterson, William B.; "A Very Brief Overview of the the First Human Powered Hover", Vertiflite March/April 1990.
  55. Patterson, William B.; "Design and Test of a Human Powered Helicopter", Proceedings of the 42nd Annual National Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Washington, D.C., June, 1986
  56. Patterson, William B.; "Design Process of a Human Powered Helicopter"
  57. Pepper, Perry A. "Minimum induced drag in wing-fuselage interference", NACA TN-812, September 1941
  58. Pounds, Mahony; "Small Scale Aeroelastic Rotor Simulation, Design and Fabrication", Circ. 2005 
  59. Prouty, R.W.,; "Ground Effect and the Helicopter - A Summary" (First page), AIAA-1985-4034
    AHS, and ASEE, Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting, Coloradao Springs, CO, Oct 14-16, 1985. 7 p.
  60. Quackenbush, T.R.; Wachpress, D.A.; Kaufman, A.E.; Bliss, D.B.; "Performance Optimization for Rotors in Hover and Axial Flight", NASA Contractor Report 177524, 1989.
  61. Raymond, Arthur E.; "Ground influence on airfoils", NACA TN 67, Dec 1921
  62. Redman; Spindler; French; Naylor; Hopkins; Ryan; "Proplet Propeller Design/Build/Test", 2005. 
  63. Reid, Elliott G.; "A full-scale investigation of ground effect", NACA Report 265, 1928
  64. Roper, Chris; "International symposium on human-powered flight", IHPVA 39 v11 n4 1994
  65. Shenstone, B.S.; Whitby, R.H.; "Man-Powered Helicopters", Journal of the Helicopter Association of Great Britain. 13(5), pp 305-315. 1959. 
  66. Sherwin, Keith; "Man Powered Flight", Model and Allied Publications, Argus Books ltd.
  67. Shroeder, Eric J.; "Low Reynolds Number Flow Validation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics with Application to Micro Air Vehicles", 2005.
  68. Simpson, A.; Usui, M.; Smith, S.; Jacob, J.; "Aeromechanics of Inflatable Airfoils" (First page), 34th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, Portland, Oregon, June 28-1, 2004.
  69. Sunada, S.; Ozaki, K.; Tanaka, M.; Yasuda, T.; Yasuda, K.; Kawachi, K.; "Airfoil Characteristics at a Low Reynolds Number"; Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing, 2000, Issue 3; From the abstract: "Corrugation and leading-edge sharpness enhance the airfoils of insect wings and model airplanes, respectively". NEW
  70. To, F.E.(Airplance Co., Ltd., London, England); "Phoenix - A Polyester Film Inflatable Man-Powered Aircraft"; SAE Technical Paper 840028.
  71. Totah, Joseph J.; Patterson, William; "Control of a Human-Powered Helicoper in Hover", NASA Tech Memo 101029, 1988.
  72. Trayling, Greg; "A human-powered helicopter: design considerations", IHPVA 24 v7 n3 1989:
  73. Vizzini, Lee; "Damage Analysis of Composite Tapered Beams",  
  74. Wang, Z. Jane; "Using drag to hover"; 2003. NEW
  75. Warner, E.P.,; "The Problem of the Helicopter", NACA Tech Note 4, 1920. 
  76. Wilson, David Gordon; "Bicycling Science - 3rd Edition", 2004, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-23237-5
  77. Wysel, Mathew; Castro, John;"Human Powered Helicopter Rotor Design and Analysis", 2001. 
  78. Young, L. A., et al. "Design Opportunities and Challenges in the Development of Vertical Lift Planetary Aerial Vehicles", NASA.
  79. Zain, Z. Mohammad; Ganraj, D. S.; Husin, A. K.; "An ultralight helicopter for rice farmers" (First page). 2001. 
  80. Zain, Z. Mohammad; Mohamad, N.; Ali, Z. Mohamad; "Redesign of De Bothezat Helicopter : The Way Forward for the Rotorcraft Industry" (First page), 2002.

Notes

  1. The "Helicopter Association of Great Britain" was founded in 1945 and then, in 1960, merged with the Royal Aeronautical Society as the Rotorcraft Section (now called Rotorcraft Group) of the Society..

Journals

The International Human Powered Vehicle Association (IHPVA) is the premier association for promoting innovation in human powered vehicles. Back issues of their journal are available for download directly from their website.

  1. IHPVA 11 v3 n2 1984
    Article: "Propellers for human powered vehicles" by E.E. Larrabee.
  2. IHPVA 18 v5 n4 1986
    Article: "Human Powered Helicopter Update"
  3. IHPVA 20 v6 n2 1987
    Article: "HP Helicopter to Try for HPS Prize"
  4. IHPVA 21 v6 n3
    Article: "HP-Helicopter Activity in Britain and Japan"
  5. IHPVA 24 v7 n3 1989, 
    Article: "A human-powered helicopter: design considerations" by Greg Trayling. 
  6. IHPVA 30 v9 n2 1991, 
    Article: "Review of developments in Human-Powered Helicopters" by Akira Kaito 
  7. IHPVA 39 v11 n4 1994, 
    Article: "International symposium on human-powered flight", a review by Chris Roper 
  8. IHPVA 40 v12 n1 1995, 
    Article: "Systems design of the Dragonfly: a human powered helicopter" by Cary, Morthland and Loth; 
    Article: "The Daedalus HPA: why shaft drive? " by Jean-Joseph Côté 
  9. IHPVA  41 v12 n2 1995, 
    Article: "The Japan Birdman International Rally, 1995" by Harry Clark Higgins; 
    Review: "Handbok of Composites"; 
    Letter: "Rapid Start Pedals"
  10. IHPVA 46-47 1998-99
    Article: "A bicycle with auxiliary hand power" by Lam, Jones, Cavacuiti, and Varju
  11. IHPVA 48 Summer 1999
    Article: "Propeller Simulation with PropSim" by Theo Schmidt
    Article: "Optimum bodies for Cyclists" by Mark Drela and Doug Milliken
    Article: "Optimum pilot for a human-powered helicopter" by Mark Drela
  12. IHPVA 50 Spring 2000,
    Article: "My Propeller Theory" by E. Eugene Larrabee.
  13. IHPVA 54 Spring 2003, 
    Article: "Minimum Induced Loss Wings and Propellers for Human-Powered Vehicles" by E. Eugene Larrabee.

 

  Home  Contact